Vocational education, also referred to as career and technical education (CTE) or vocational training, focuses on equipping students with the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed for specific trades, occupations, or industries.

A virtual classroom refers to an online learning environment where teachers and students engage in educational activities, discussions, and instruction remotely, using digital tools and technologies.

Virtual learning, also known as online learning or e-learning, refers to educational experiences and instruction delivered through digital platforms and the internet.

Virtual schooling, also known as online schooling or e-learning, refers to an educational approach where students attend classes and complete coursework entirely through online platforms and digital technologies.

Value-added systems of accountability are methods used to assess the educational progress and effectiveness of schools and educators by measuring the growth or improvement of student achievement over time.

In the context of education assessment and research, "valid" refers to the extent to which a test, assessment, or research study measures what it intends to measure accurately and reliably.