Pedagogy refers to the methods, strategies, and techniques used by teachers to facilitate learning among students.

Post-secondary education refers to any education that occurs after high school.

In the context of education and examinations, the term "proctored" refers to a process of supervision or monitoring of tests.

Professional development refers to the continuous process of acquiring new knowledge, skills.

A proctor is an individual who oversees and maintains the integrity of examinations or assessments.

Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else's words, ideas, or creative work without proper acknowledgment.

Peer review is a process in which individuals with similar knowledge and expertise evaluate and provide feedback on each other's work.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional method that centers on solving real-world problems or complex scenarios.

A postsecondary degree, also known as a tertiary or higher education degree, is an academic qualification obtained after completing a program of study at a college, university, or other higher education institution.

Postgraduate refers to educational programs and studies that individuals pursue after completing their undergraduate studies, typically a bachelor's degree.

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational approach that centers on students' engagement in extended, hands-on projects to deepen their understanding of complex topics or real-world issues.

Pedagogical practice refers to the methods, approaches, and strategies that educators use to facilitate learning and support students' intellectual, social, and emotional development.

A pre-assessment, also known as a diagnostic assessment or pretest, is an evaluation conducted at the beginning of an instructional period to assess students' prior knowledge, skills, and understanding of the subject matter.

Professional development for teachers, often abbreviated as PD, refers to ongoing learning and training opportunities designed to enhance educators' knowledge, skills, and instructional practices.

A probing question is a thought-provoking and open-ended question that is designed to encourage deep thinking, critical analysis, and further exploration of a topic or concept. Probing questions go beyond simple factual responses and prompt individuals to reflect, analyze, and provide more detailed and nuanced answers.

Postsecondary teaching, also known as higher education teaching, refers to the instructional activities and academic support provided to students in colleges, universities, and other institutions of higher learning.

Performance assessment is an evaluation method that assesses students' knowledge, skills, and abilities by observing their performance on real-world tasks or demonstrations.

Proposition 13, a landmark California ballot initiative passed in 1978, restricts property tax increases and alters the way properties are assessed for tax purposes.

A Public Employees' Retirement System (PERS) is a government-sponsored retirement plan established to provide retirement, disability, and other benefits to public employees, including government workers, teachers, firefighters, and law enforcement personnel.

The Public Employment Relations Board (PERB) is a government agency in California responsible for administering and overseeing labor relations in the public sector.

A Professional Clear Credential is a type of teaching credential issued to educators in California who have completed the requirements for the initial teaching credential and have successfully completed a period of induction and mentoring.

Portfolio assessment is an alternative method of evaluating students' learning and performance that involves the systematic collection and analysis of a student's work and accomplishments over a period of time.

A performance incentive is a reward or financial bonus provided to individuals or groups as a motivational tool to encourage specific behaviors, accomplishments, or outcomes that align with organizational goals or performance expectations.

A Preliminary Credential is a type of teaching credential issued to individuals who have completed the initial requirements for teacher certification but have not yet fulfilled all the requirements for a full or clear teaching credential.

Performance standards are predefined criteria or benchmarks used to assess how well individuals or entities (such as students, schools, or teachers) have met specific educational or performance-related goals or expectations.

The pupil-teacher ratio is a statistical measure used in education to indicate the average number of students enrolled in a school or educational institution divided by the total number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) teachers or instructors in that institution.

Proposition 49, also known as the After School Education and Safety Program (ASES), was a California ballot proposition approved by voters in 2002.

Percentile ranks are a statistical measure used in education to describe the relative standing of an individual or group of individuals in comparison to a larger reference group, typically a normative sample.

Per Capita Personal Income (PCPI) is a measure of the average income earned by individuals in a specific geographic area, typically a region, state, or country.

A Principal Training Program is an educational program designed to prepare individuals for leadership roles as school principals or administrators in K-12 schools.

Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports (PBIS) is a proactive and evidence-based framework for promoting positive behavior and preventing challenging behavior in educational settings, particularly in K-12 schools.